ABSTRACT
Due to Covid-19's negative impact, project completion remains a key topic of conversation in business field. This article examines how the Covid-19 pandemic affected project duration, progress, and completion in Botswana. The study's goals were met by surveying 105 participants using a questionnaire. The study details covid-19's disruptions and delays. Extraneous variables' impact on project success or failure were analysed. The goal was to clarify internal and external factors on active projects during the Covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 negatively affected many projects. Pandemics cause ineffective communication and coordination, cessation of physical activities, and complicated work processes. The Covid-19 Pandemic disrupted supply chain of raw material for many projects. Late deliveries, fluctuating prices, and contractors' inability to finish on time pushed back project deadlines. Workers were less productive. Similar problems arose with project funding. These factors caused project interruptions, delays, and completion in Botswana during Covid-19. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. Published by IPMA Serbia.
ABSTRACT
The current COVID-19 pandemic has tested the resolve of the global community with more than 35 million infections worldwide and numbers increasing with no cure or vaccine available to date. Nanomedicines have an advantage of providing enhanced permeability and retention and have been extensively studied as targeted drug delivery strategies for the treatment of different disease. The role of monocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and macrophages in diseases, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and atherosclerosis, are better understood and have resulted in improved strategies for targeting and in some instances mimicking these cell types to improve therapeutic outcomes. Consequently, these primary cell types can be exploited for the purposes of serving as a "Trojan horse" for targeted delivery to identified organs and sites of inflammation. State of the art and potential utilization of nanocarriers such as nanospheres/nanocapsules, nanocrystals, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles/nano-structured lipid carriers, dendrimers, and nanosponges for biomimicry and/or targeted delivery of bioactives to cells are reported herein and their potential use in the treatment of COVID-19 infections discussed. Physicochemical properties, viz., hydrophilicity, particle shape, surface charge, composition, concentration, the use of different target-specific ligands on the surface of carriers, and the impact on carrier efficacy and specificity are also discussed.